I don't know anywhere that does refunds. Most airlines will let you cancel the flight and keep the ticket price as credit for up to a year, but when you go to rebook they charge you a $100 change ticket fee per way, which kinda sucks.

Depends on the airline. Most do not do it but you can get travel insurance which may refund you the money with a valid reason but it can still be a pain to get your money back.

You can it upfront with a higher ticket price or in the rear, but its always going to cost more...:pimp