Apollo question
 

How did NASA protect the cameras film while flying through the Van Allen radiation belt, and the moons high/low temperatures?

well when they were out on the moon filming..they painted the camera grey

Magic...

if you're that interested send them an email

you'll probably get an intelligent, well worded response that makes total sense to you

How much radiation does it take to damage film emulsion?

not much,,,,, (They never went to the moon:2 cents:)

They used fucking digital

Sigh....

There is more radiation coming from the sun than the Van Allen Radiation Belt, and even if their wasn't, the extreme conditions of outer space such as temperature and lack of atmospheric pressure would be a much bigger worry when it comes to protecting cameras than the Van Allen radiation belt.

When Nasa sent Apollo missions to the moon they included Hasselblad Cameras in the missions. On Apollo 8 the model 500 EL Electric was used. The EL had an electric motor to move the film and shutter. This camera was used inside the capsule. For pictures on the moon a special camera called the EL 500 Data was used instead. This camera was designed for extreme conditions including the ability to operate between -60 Degrees Celsius and +120 Celcius, which is the difference between standing in sun and standing in a shadow on the moon. Plus the lack of atmosphere would make any normal oils used to lubricate the cameras moving parts boil off, so special oil mixtures were used here too.

The main danger of the Van Allen belts is high-energy protons, which are not that difficult to shield against. And the Apollo navigators plotted a course through the thinnest parts of the belts and arranged for the spacecraft to pass through them quickly, limiting the exposure.

And before you say that 6ft of lead would be required, don't because it is wrong. The Van Allen belts are composed of high-energy protons and high-energy electrons, metal shielding is actually counterproductive because of something called the "Bremsstrahlung effect" that would be induced (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung)

Man went to the moon. Man took pictures. We did it. Get over it, science deniers.