In the body, aspartame is broken down into phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol. Under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions, aspartame may generate methanol by hydrolysis. Methanol has a high toxicity in humans. As little as 10 mL of pure methanol ingested is metabolized into formic acid, which can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve. 30mL is potentially fatal, although the median lethal dose is typically 100 mL (3.4 fl oz) (i.e. 1–2 mL/kg body weight of pure methanol).
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