Mutt: basically everything changed with these inventions:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifling#History
With this you can hit something at a higher distance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury(II)_fulminate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poudre_B
With this you can make cartbridge
and with cartbridges:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeating_rifle
It makes guns definitely superior than bows and arrows and everything is from 1830 to 1870... then guess what happens next ?