USA Moon Landing...Conspiracy Theorists IN HERE NOW!!

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  • interracialtoons
    Confirmed User
    • May 2006
    • 1910

    #1

    USA Moon Landing...Conspiracy Theorists IN HERE NOW!!

    Here's a nice situation to add fuel to the theory that the moon walk was faked.

    NASA, can't find the "original film" of the walk which would be of much higher quality than was broadcast over TV during that time.

    http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16897774/

    I'm not saying the moon walk didn't happen, BUTTTTT!!!!!

    How convenient, to lose a tape that was of such high quality that it could be closely scrutinized with accuracy. A shadow would be a shadow and not a distortion cause by poor video quality.

    Things that make you go hmmmmmmmmmmmm??
    Done.
  • Dirty Dane
    Sick Fuck
    • Feb 2004
    • 9491

    #2
    I believe the moon is fake.

    Comment

    • StuartD
      Sofa King Band
      • Jul 2002
      • 29903

      #3
      Well, if there's any one thing we know these days is that the government and it's agencies are anything but well organized.
      This is me on facebook
      This is me on twitter

      Comment

      • interracialtoons
        Confirmed User
        • May 2006
        • 1910

        #4
        Originally posted by StuartD
        Well, if there's any one thing we know these days is that the government and it's agencies are anything but well organized.
        I totally agree; I'm just saying WOW, how convienent if bullshit went down.
        Done.

        Comment

        • grumpy
          Too lazy to set a custom title
          • Jan 2002
          • 9870

          #5
          the usa is not smart enough to cover that up
          Don't let greediness blur your vision | You gotta let some shit slide
          icq - 441-456-888

          Comment

          • Narfle
            Confirmed User
            • Dec 2006
            • 193

            #6
            Convienent?

            Dont you mean "incompetent"?

            Dont argue to win.

            Comment

            • who
              So Fucking Banned
              • Aug 2003
              • 19593

              #7
              Now, just because the claim they can't find it, you believe they either really can't find it, or that there is no original?

              Why don't you just think they're bullshitting and have it locked up nice and securely?

              Comment

              • interracialtoons
                Confirmed User
                • May 2006
                • 1910

                #8
                Originally posted by who
                Now, just because the claim they can't find it, you believe they either really can't find it, or that there is no original?

                Why don't you just think they're bullshitting and have it locked up nice and securely?
                Yeah, that could be the case. But why have this situation that can only fuel the conspiracy theories?

                The power of the acomplishment(moon landing) is underminded by any lack of belief that it occured.
                Done.

                Comment

                • BuggyG
                  Confirmed User
                  • Oct 2002
                  • 4179

                  #9
                  Originally posted by Dirty Dane
                  I believe the moon is fake.
                  It's made of cheese!
                  Come on.. Homer took a bite out of it... and what Homer says/does is LAW!!

                  Comment

                  • StuartD
                    Sofa King Band
                    • Jul 2002
                    • 29903

                    #10
                    Originally posted by BuggyG
                    It's made of cheese!
                    Come on.. Homer took a bite out of it... and what Homer says/does is LAW!!
                    It's true, zoom all the way in: http://moon.google.com/
                    This is me on facebook
                    This is me on twitter

                    Comment

                    • interracialtoons
                      Confirmed User
                      • May 2006
                      • 1910

                      #11
                      Originally posted by grumpy
                      the usa is not smart enough to cover that up
                      But smart enough to cover up that we actually run your government.
                      Done.

                      Comment

                      • Dirty Dane
                        Sick Fuck
                        • Feb 2004
                        • 9491

                        #12
                        Look closely at the shadows and you'll see its fake:


                        Comment

                        • Camspot Matt
                          Registered User
                          • Jan 2007
                          • 68

                          #13
                          Originally posted by Dirty Dane
                          I believe the moon is fake.
                          What he said.

                          Icq: 459349371

                          Comment

                          • bobby666
                            boots are my religion
                            • Nov 2005
                            • 21765

                            #14
                            nobody was ever on the moon !!

                            Comment

                            • C_U_Next_Tuesday
                              WW4L
                              • Oct 2002
                              • 10581

                              #15
                              I think that Buzz Aldrin went back up in space a 2nd time while in his 80's because he never went up the first time. Hubby used to work for Nasa as a quality inspector for the shuttle...he has his own thoughts on the moon landing.

                              Comment

                              • ServerGenius
                                Confirmed User
                                • Feb 2002
                                • 9377

                                #16
                                moon landing never happened. they would have colonised the moon by now but instead they went there just once.....never returned to check some more
                                | http://www.sinnerscash.com/ | ICQ: 370820 | Skype: SinnersCash | AdultWhosWho |

                                Comment

                                • who
                                  So Fucking Banned
                                  • Aug 2003
                                  • 19593

                                  #17
                                  Originally posted by interracialtoons
                                  Yeah, that could be the case. But why have this situation that can only fuel the conspiracy theories?

                                  The power of the acomplishment(moon landing) is underminded by any lack of belief that it occured.
                                  I think it's a case of
                                  a reporter asking a NASA guy "Hey can I see the original moon landing tape?"
                                  and the NASA guy saying "No!!!"
                                  reporter: "Why the hell not? I drove all the way from RI for this crap."
                                  NASA: "Cos I said so."
                                  reporter: "WTF? SHOW ME THE TAPE in the name of Allah!"
                                  NASA: "Oh yeah, uh, we lost it, actually.."

                                  Comment

                                  • stickyfingerz
                                    Doin fine
                                    • Oct 2005
                                    • 24984

                                    #18
                                    Al Gore invented the moon...

                                    Comment

                                    • Dirty Dane
                                      Sick Fuck
                                      • Feb 2004
                                      • 9491

                                      #19
                                      Originally posted by ServerGenius
                                      moon landing never happened. they would have colonised the moon by now but instead they went there just once.....never returned to check some more
                                      Actually with the Apollo missions they did go more than once. If you look close enough today, you can see they built McDonalds there.

                                      Comment

                                      • ServerGenius
                                        Confirmed User
                                        • Feb 2002
                                        • 9377

                                        #20
                                        hahahaha that made me laugh I'll check it out with my telescope tonight
                                        | http://www.sinnerscash.com/ | ICQ: 370820 | Skype: SinnersCash | AdultWhosWho |

                                        Comment

                                        • interracialtoons
                                          Confirmed User
                                          • May 2006
                                          • 1910

                                          #21
                                          Originally posted by who
                                          I think it's a case of
                                          a reporter asking a NASA guy "Hey can I see the original moon landing tape?"
                                          and the NASA guy saying "No!!!"
                                          reporter: "Why the hell not? I drove all the way from RI for this crap."
                                          NASA: "Cos I said so."
                                          reporter: "WTF? SHOW ME THE TAPE in the name of Allah!"
                                          NASA: "Oh yeah, uh, we lost it, actually.."
                                          Why would this be a "secret tape", why wouldn't they have made copies and sent them to libraries around the world to demonstrate American supremecy?

                                          It's not that anybody wants the original tape, you must not have read the story. They only want a better quality tape then was broadcast. A copy of the original would have been just fine.
                                          Done.

                                          Comment

                                          • ServerGenius
                                            Confirmed User
                                            • Feb 2002
                                            • 9377

                                            #22
                                            Originally posted by stickyfingerz
                                            Al Gore invented the moon...
                                            watch the news lately, VN report about global warming, how it's undeniable
                                            caused by human activity? 2500 international scientist from 130 countries studied and compared current,
                                            historical and prehistorical data?

                                            the changes since 1750 are way more drastic than at any time before.
                                            Last edited by ServerGenius; 02-02-2007, 07:44 AM.
                                            | http://www.sinnerscash.com/ | ICQ: 370820 | Skype: SinnersCash | AdultWhosWho |

                                            Comment

                                            • ServerGenius
                                              Confirmed User
                                              • Feb 2002
                                              • 9377

                                              #23
                                              http://news.google.com/news/url?sa=t...y75CW85GWRGVqw
                                              | http://www.sinnerscash.com/ | ICQ: 370820 | Skype: SinnersCash | AdultWhosWho |

                                              Comment

                                              • interracialtoons
                                                Confirmed User
                                                • May 2006
                                                • 1910

                                                #24
                                                Originally posted by ServerGenius
                                                watch the news lately, VN report about global warming, how it's undeniable
                                                caused by human activity? 2500 international scientist from 130 countries studied and compared current,
                                                historical and prehistorical data?

                                                the changes since 1750 are way more drastic than at any time before.
                                                Ok, but WTF does this have to do with fake moon landings?
                                                Done.

                                                Comment

                                                • ServerGenius
                                                  Confirmed User
                                                  • Feb 2002
                                                  • 9377

                                                  #25
                                                  it was intended for stickyfingers
                                                  | http://www.sinnerscash.com/ | ICQ: 370820 | Skype: SinnersCash | AdultWhosWho |

                                                  Comment

                                                  • Rochard
                                                    Jägermeister Test Pilot
                                                    • Dec 2001
                                                    • 75762

                                                    #26
                                                    Do you honestly believe the US Government was able to fake this? And then keep it quiet since then?
                                                    Herschel Savage
                                                    Brooklyn, NY

                                                    Comment

                                                    • interracialtoons
                                                      Confirmed User
                                                      • May 2006
                                                      • 1910

                                                      #27
                                                      Originally posted by Rochard
                                                      Do you honestly believe the US Government was able to fake this? And then keep it quiet since then?
                                                      They've kept quite about the native american genocide so far, so why not.
                                                      Done.

                                                      Comment

                                                      • Historic Erotica
                                                        Confirmed User
                                                        • Sep 2006
                                                        • 274

                                                        #28
                                                        Originally posted by grumpy
                                                        the usa is not smart enough to cover that up
                                                        how can you say that, we covered up 9-11..and know one died on the moon..

                                                        Got Juggs

                                                        #1 For The Big Boob Niche

                                                        Comment

                                                        • Pleasurepays
                                                          BANNED - SUPPORTING TUBES
                                                          • Aug 2002
                                                          • 11913

                                                          #29
                                                          Originally posted by interracialtoons
                                                          They've kept quite about the native american genocide so far, so why not.
                                                          what? are you suggesting that a bunch of white people came over from europe to a new continent and clashed with natives which resulted in fighting and killing?

                                                          do you have a link? i want to know more of this secret history of which you speak.

                                                          Comment

                                                          • psili
                                                            Confirmed User
                                                            • Apr 2003
                                                            • 5526

                                                            #30
                                                            I guess the mirror placed on the moon is also fake and NASA's Apollo Laser Ranging Experiments is just made up story.
                                                            Your post count means nothing.

                                                            Comment

                                                            • D
                                                              Confirmed User
                                                              • Jan 2006
                                                              • 7412

                                                              #31
                                                              Originally posted by StuartD
                                                              It's true, zoom all the way in: http://moon.google.com/


                                                              I hadn't seen that one before. :-D


                                                              For the conspiracy theorists...


                                                              http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/21jul_llr.htm
                                                              -D.
                                                              ICQ: 202-96-31

                                                              Comment

                                                              • Historic Erotica
                                                                Confirmed User
                                                                • Sep 2006
                                                                • 274

                                                                #32
                                                                Nas-holes..thats what I call them..billions spent and we don't know shit..my theory is we have been so dumbed down we cant see shit..the ones who vibrate on a higher frequency see that there is other so called life forms..we cant see them cuz we are stuck on a lower frequency..

                                                                Got Juggs

                                                                #1 For The Big Boob Niche

                                                                Comment

                                                                • stickyfingerz
                                                                  Doin fine
                                                                  • Oct 2005
                                                                  • 24984

                                                                  #33
                                                                  Originally posted by ServerGenius
                                                                  watch the news lately, VN report about global warming, how it's undeniable
                                                                  caused by human activity? 2500 international scientist from 130 countries studied and compared current,
                                                                  historical and prehistorical data?

                                                                  the changes since 1750 are way more drastic than at any time before.
                                                                  What kind of thermometers did they have prior to 1750 I wonder... Didnt we have an Ice age in there somewhere that we have been coming out of even today? Wonder if the earth wobbles 100% on axis 100% of the time. Wonder what would happen if the wobble wiggles a whittle bit...

                                                                  Comment

                                                                  • interracialtoons
                                                                    Confirmed User
                                                                    • May 2006
                                                                    • 1910

                                                                    #34
                                                                    Originally posted by Pleasurepays
                                                                    what? are you suggesting that a bunch of white people came over from europe to a new continent and clashed with natives which resulted in fighting and killing?

                                                                    do you have a link? i want to know more of this secret history of which you speak.
                                                                    There's no link because it was covered up.


                                                                    But seriously, their was a planned stradegy to commited genocide which is quite differrent than fighting and creating casualties. This planned genocide has never been admitted. Of course you will not admit it yourself so there you have it.
                                                                    Done.

                                                                    Comment

                                                                    • Brujah
                                                                      Beer Money Baron
                                                                      • Jan 2001
                                                                      • 22157

                                                                      #35
                                                                      Is anyone going to the Moon? Wasn't there another country who was sending a man to the moon recently?

                                                                      Comment

                                                                      • rob34
                                                                        Registered User
                                                                        • Nov 2006
                                                                        • 306

                                                                        #36
                                                                        Somewhere there is a video of the little car they used to get around on the moon. If you look at the back tires and see the dirt....the dirt falls to the ground. This shouldnt happen if there is no gravity. (right)?

                                                                        Comment

                                                                        • interracialtoons
                                                                          Confirmed User
                                                                          • May 2006
                                                                          • 1910

                                                                          #37
                                                                          Originally posted by J-hush
                                                                          Somewhere there is a video of the little car they used to get around on the moon. If you look at the back tires and see the dirt....the dirt falls to the ground. This shouldnt happen if there is no gravity. (right)?
                                                                          The moon is not zero gravity; it is low gravity.
                                                                          Done.

                                                                          Comment

                                                                          • ronaldo
                                                                            Confirmed User
                                                                            • Jan 2002
                                                                            • 5475

                                                                            #38
                                                                            Originally posted by Historic Erotica
                                                                            and know one died on the moon..
                                                                            Okay, this is a new theory I haven't heard before. Please enlighten me.

                                                                            Comment

                                                                            • ADL Colin
                                                                              Too lazy to set a custom title
                                                                              • Feb 2001
                                                                              • 11929

                                                                              #39
                                                                              Well, there were six manned moon landings. Not one. There were about 30 launches before landing on the moon each one building on the missions before them - starting with the Saturn rocket test and ending with a manned mission around the moon (not actually landing yet). The whole thing took about 10 years.

                                                                              Which of these 36 or so missions do you think we faked?


                                                                              Adult Date Link - $50 PPS starting NOW! -- good and JUICY!

                                                                              skype = "adultdatelink"

                                                                              Comment

                                                                              • interracialtoons
                                                                                Confirmed User
                                                                                • May 2006
                                                                                • 1910

                                                                                #40
                                                                                Originally posted by ADL Colin
                                                                                Well, there were six manned moon landings. Not one. There were about 30 launches before landing on the moon each one building on the missions before them - starting with the Saturn rocket test and ending with a manned mission around the moon (not actually landing yet). The whole thing took about 10 years.

                                                                                Which of these 36 or so missions do you think we faked?
                                                                                The other missions are meaningless since the major issue of contention of the "man landing on the moon" is that the amount of radiation around the moon would have killed a human.

                                                                                So all the probes can land on the moon and still not prove a human did.
                                                                                Done.

                                                                                Comment

                                                                                • Nookster
                                                                                  Confirmed IT Professional
                                                                                  • Nov 2005
                                                                                  • 3744

                                                                                  #41
                                                                                  Originally posted by interracialtoons
                                                                                  Yeah, that could be the case. But why have this situation that can only fuel the conspiracy theories?

                                                                                  The power of the acomplishment(moon landing) is underminded by any lack of belief that it occured.
                                                                                  Here's an example. Say you got this girlfriend right. She likes to argue with you for some reason or another. And you notice that every time after you argue you have the greatest make-up sex. Now, say one day she has nothing else to fight over and she's the type to just move on if she doesn't get what she wants. No fighting, no make-up sex, no relationship.

                                                                                  In this example: your girlfriend = the conspiracy theorists, you = the government.
                                                                                  The Best Affiliate Software, Ever.

                                                                                  Comment

                                                                                  • DaddyHalbucks
                                                                                    A freakin' legend!
                                                                                    • Feb 2004
                                                                                    • 18975

                                                                                    #42
                                                                                    Originally posted by interracialtoons
                                                                                    Here's a nice situation to add fuel to the theory that the moon walk was faked.

                                                                                    NASA, can't find the "original film" of the walk which would be of much higher quality than was broadcast over TV during that time.

                                                                                    http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16897774/

                                                                                    I'm not saying the moon walk didn't happen, BUTTTTT!!!!!

                                                                                    How convenient, to lose a tape that was of such high quality that it could be closely scrutinized with accuracy. A shadow would be a shadow and not a distortion cause by poor video quality.

                                                                                    Things that make you go hmmmmmmmmmmmm??
                                                                                    Poppycock.

                                                                                    Do you ever lose anything, even something of importance like your wallet or keys? How many items of property do you own or manage?

                                                                                    Now, consider how many items of property the US government manages. I am sure the number is in the BILLIONS of items. Think about that!!

                                                                                    For one example, the US government employs 2.7 million people. I bet they have a hard enough time tracking them.
                                                                                    Boner Money

                                                                                    Comment

                                                                                    • DaddyHalbucks
                                                                                      A freakin' legend!
                                                                                      • Feb 2004
                                                                                      • 18975

                                                                                      #43
                                                                                      Originally posted by Dirty Dane
                                                                                      Look closely at the shadows and you'll see its fake:



                                                                                      That's a classic.

                                                                                      Boner Money

                                                                                      Comment

                                                                                      • _Richard_
                                                                                        Too lazy to set a custom title
                                                                                        • Oct 2006
                                                                                        • 30989

                                                                                        #44
                                                                                        Area 51!

                                                                                        R

                                                                                        Comment

                                                                                        • ADL Colin
                                                                                          Too lazy to set a custom title
                                                                                          • Feb 2001
                                                                                          • 11929

                                                                                          #45
                                                                                          Originally posted by interracialtoons
                                                                                          The other missions are meaningless since the major issue of contention of the "man landing on the moon" is that the amount of radiation around the moon would have killed a human.

                                                                                          So all the probes can land on the moon and still not prove a human did.
                                                                                          They are not meaningless. They are part of the logic of seeing how the technology to go to the moon was built up over a period of a decade. Many moon-landing conspiracy theories involve the US not having the technology to go to the moon at that time.


                                                                                          Adult Date Link - $50 PPS starting NOW! -- good and JUICY!

                                                                                          skype = "adultdatelink"

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                                                                                          • ADL Colin
                                                                                            Too lazy to set a custom title
                                                                                            • Feb 2001
                                                                                            • 11929

                                                                                            #46
                                                                                            FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE July 21, 1994

                                                                                            During their brief moon walk 25 years ago, the Apollo
                                                                                            11 astronauts deployed a variety of scientific experiments,
                                                                                            including a reflector array left in the fine powder of the
                                                                                            Sea of Tranquility that continues to measure the moon's
                                                                                            orbit around Earth to unprecedented accuracy.

                                                                                            Scientists who analyze data from the Lunar Laser
                                                                                            Ranging Experiment have reported some watershed results from
                                                                                            these long-term experiments, said Jet Propulsion Laboratory
                                                                                            team investigator Dr. Jean Dickey. The team's findings
                                                                                            appear in this week's issue of Science magazine, which
                                                                                            commemorates the silver anniversary of the Apollo 11 lunar
                                                                                            landing.

                                                                                            "Using the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment, we have been
                                                                                            able to improve, by orders of magnitude, measurements of the
                                                                                            moon's rotation," Dickey said. "We also have strong
                                                                                            evidence that the moon has a liquid core, and laser ranging
                                                                                            has allowed us to determine with great accuracy the rate at
                                                                                            which the moon is gradually receding from the Earth."

                                                                                            The laser ranging retroreflector was positioned on the
                                                                                            moon in 1969 by the Apollo 11 astronauts so that it would
                                                                                            point toward Earth and be able to reflect pulses of laser
                                                                                            light fired from the ground. By beaming laser pulses at the
                                                                                            reflector, scientists have been able to determine the round-
                                                                                            trip travel time of a laser pulse and provide the distance
                                                                                            between these two bodies at any given time down to an
                                                                                            accuracy of about 3 centimeters (about 1 inch).

                                                                                            The laser reflector consists of 100 fused silica half-
                                                                                            cubes, called corner cubes, mounted in a 46-centimeter (18-
                                                                                            inch) square aluminum panel. Each corner cube is 3.8
                                                                                            centimeters (1.5 inches) in diameter. Corner cubes reflect
                                                                                            a beam of light directly back toward the point of origin
                                                                                            and, thus, allow scientists to measure the Earth-moon
                                                                                            separation and study the dynamics of the Earth, the moon and
                                                                                            the Earth-moon system.

                                                                                            Once the laser ranging experiments began to yield
                                                                                            valuable results, more reflectors were left on the moon. A
                                                                                            reflector identical to the Apollo 11 mission reflector was
                                                                                            left by the Apollo 14 crew, and a larger reflector using 300
                                                                                            corner cubes was placed on the moon by the Apollo 15
                                                                                            astronauts. French-built reflectors were also left on the
                                                                                            moon by the unmanned Russian Lunakhod 2 mission.

                                                                                            Several observatories have regularly ranged the moon
                                                                                            with these reflectors: one is located at McDonald
                                                                                            Observatory near Fort Davis, Texas; another is located atop
                                                                                            the extinct Haleakala volcano on the island of Maui in
                                                                                            Hawaii; another is located in southern France near Grasse.

                                                                                            The Lick Observatory in northern California also has
                                                                                            been used in the past for the lunar laser ranging
                                                                                            experiments and ranging programs have been carried out in
                                                                                            Australia, Russia and Germany. Despite the difficulty of
                                                                                            detecting reflected laser light from the moon, Dickey said,
                                                                                            more than 8,300 ranges have been measured over the last 25
                                                                                            years.

                                                                                            "Lunar ranging involves sending a laser beam through an
                                                                                            optical telescope," Dickey said. "The beam enters the
                                                                                            telescope where the eye piece would be, and the transmitted
                                                                                            beam is expanded to become the diameter of the main mirror,
                                                                                            then bounced off the surface toward the reflector on the
                                                                                            moon."

                                                                                            The reflectors are too small to be seen from Earth, so
                                                                                            even when the beam is precisely aligned in the telescope,
                                                                                            actually hitting a lunar retroreflector array is technically
                                                                                            challenging. At the moon's surface the beam is roughly four
                                                                                            miles wide. Scientists liken the task of aiming the beam to
                                                                                            using a rifle to hit a moving dime two miles away.

                                                                                            Once the laser beam hits a reflector, scientists at the
                                                                                            ranging observatories use extremely sensitive filtering and
                                                                                            amplification equipment to detect the return signal, which
                                                                                            is far too weak to be seen with the human eye. Even under
                                                                                            good atmospheric viewing conditions, only one photon -- the
                                                                                            fundamental particle of light -- will be received every few
                                                                                            seconds.

                                                                                            The range accuracy of these reflectors has been
                                                                                            improved over the lifetime of the lunar laser ranging
                                                                                            experiments, the team noted in Science. While the earliest
                                                                                            ranges had accuracies of several meters (or several yards),
                                                                                            continuing improvements in the lasers and the detection
                                                                                            electronics have led to recent measurements that are
                                                                                            accurate to about 3 centimeters (about 1 inch).

                                                                                            From the ranging experiments, scientists know that the
                                                                                            average distance between the centers of the Earth and the
                                                                                            moon is 385,000 kilometers (239,000 miles), showing that
                                                                                            modern lunar ranges have relative accuracies of better than
                                                                                            one part in 10 billion.

                                                                                            "This level of accuracy represents one of the most
                                                                                            precise distance measurements ever made," Dickey said. "The
                                                                                            degree of accuracy is equivalent to determining the distance
                                                                                            between Los Angeles and New York to one fiftieth of an
                                                                                            inch."

                                                                                            Laser ranging has also made possible a wealth of new
                                                                                            information about the dynamics and structure of the moon.
                                                                                            Among many new observations, scientists now believe that the
                                                                                            moon may harbor a liquid core. The theory has been proposed
                                                                                            from data on the moon's rate of rotation and very slight
                                                                                            bobbing motions caused by gravitational forces from the sun
                                                                                            and Earth.

                                                                                            Other recent findings from the laser ranging
                                                                                            experiments include:

                                                                                            -- Verification of Einstein's theory of relativity,
                                                                                            which states that all bodies fall with the same acceleration
                                                                                            regardless of their mass.

                                                                                            -- The length of an Earth day has distinct small-scale
                                                                                            variations, changing by about one thousandth of a second
                                                                                            over the course of a year. These changes are caused by the
                                                                                            atmosphere, tides and the Earth's core.

                                                                                            -- Precise positions of the laser ranging observatories
                                                                                            on Earth are slowly drifting as the crustal plates on Earth
                                                                                            drift. The observatory on Maui is seen to be drifting away
                                                                                            from the observatory in Texas.

                                                                                            -- Ocean tides on Earth have a direct influence on the
                                                                                            moon's orbit. Measurements show that the moon is receding
                                                                                            from Earth at a rate of about 3.8 centimeters (1.5 inches)
                                                                                            per year.

                                                                                            -- Lunar ranging has greatly improved scientists'
                                                                                            knowledge of the moon's orbit, enough to permit accurate
                                                                                            analyses of solar eclipses as far back as 1400 BC.

                                                                                            Continued improvements in range determinations and the
                                                                                            need for monitoring the details of the Earth's rotation will
                                                                                            keep the lunar reflector experiments in service for years to
                                                                                            come, Dickey stated in her article.

                                                                                            "For the immediate future, we have under way the
                                                                                            implementation of dramatically increased station computing
                                                                                            power, offset guiding capability and hands-off auto
                                                                                            guiding," she reported. "The benefits from these
                                                                                            improvements will not only be an increased number of normal
                                                                                            points spread over significantly more of the lunar phase,
                                                                                            but also a significantly increased number of photons within
                                                                                            a given normal range.

                                                                                            "Farther down the road, we foresee the availability of
                                                                                            more precise and more efficient photon detectors, such as
                                                                                            micro-channel plates, significantly improved timing systems
                                                                                            and shorter-pulse, more powerful lasers," she added. "This
                                                                                            will increase data, provide higher accuracy ranging and
                                                                                            improve sensitivity to lunar signatures, or conditions
                                                                                            brought about by the phases of the moon."

                                                                                            At JPL the lunar ranging analysis is carried out by JPL
                                                                                            scientists Drs. Jean Dickey, James G. Williams, X X Newhall
                                                                                            and Charles F. Yoder. The work is sponsored jointly by the
                                                                                            Astrophysics Division of NASA's Office of Space Science and
                                                                                            the Solid Earth Science Branch of NASA's Mission to Planet
                                                                                            Earth Office, Washington, D.C.

                                                                                            Additional work is done at the Joint Institute for
                                                                                            Laboratory Astrophysics at the University of Colorado at
                                                                                            Boulder; at the University of Texas in Austin; and at
                                                                                            Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, Grasse, France.


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