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Basically, your question is -- Is Culture intrinsic or is it acquired or is it ASCRIBED? Regardless of whether it is intrinsic or acquired (differing social situations/societies place differing weight on these), culture is always ASCRIBED. ie., if other people see you as being of a particular culture, you ARE of that particular culture. This is an OBJECTIVE standard that is the basis of antidiscrimination jurisprudence in the USA. There has to be an OBJECTIVE element.
Cultural identities change over time, language can vary, physical markers may change as well, but the process of ascription remains the same.
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