Today, most of the world does not practise circumcision; over 90% of the world's male newborns are intact (not circumcised)
Most circumcised men are Muslim or Jewish and some in the USA.
Anatomical, neurochemical, physiological and behavioural studies confirm that newborn responses to pain are greater than those in adult subjects.
Infants circumcised with no anaesthesia (reflecting common practice) experience not only great pain, but also an increased risk of choking and difficulty in breathing.
Increases in heart rate of 55 bpm have been recorded, i.e. 1.5 times the baseline rate.
After circumcision, the level of blood cortisol increased by a factor of 3-4 times the level before circumcision.
As a surgical procedure, circumcision has been described as 'among the most painful performed in neonatal medicine'
This level of pain would not be tolerated by older patients and infants frequently go into a state of shock to escape the overwhelming pain.
Severe pain is always present during circumcision.
Now go ahead and Butcher your own flesh and blood
