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COPA: Child Online Protection Act
Highlights: COPA offenders who make "harmful" material available to children can be forced to pay a daily fine of up to $50,000 per violation, and could get up to six months in jail. The federal government also can sue in civil court for up to $50,000 per day and per violation.
Original Sponsors: Rep. Michael Oxley (R-Ohio), former Sen. Dan Coats (R-Ind.)
Signed into law: President Clinton, 1998.
Status: The Supreme Court heard arguments on March 2, 2004. The law remains inactive.
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CIPA: Children's Internet Protection Act
Original Sponsors: Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and former Rep. Bob Franks (R-NJ).
Signed into law: President Clinton, 2000.
Status: Supreme Court upheld the law in a 6-3 decision on June 23, 2003. Case is Docket No. 02-361.
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PROTECT: Prosecutorial Remedies and Tools Against the Exploitation of Children Today Act
Sponsors: Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah), Rep. F. James Sensenbrenner (R-Wis).
Status: Passed Congress, April 2003. President Bush is expected to sign.
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CDA: Communications Decency Act
Highlights: The law called for up to two years in jail, plus up to a $250,000 fine for engaging in speech that is "indecent" or "patently offensive" in a place where minors can view or hear it.
Original Sponsor: Former Sen. James Exon (D-Neb.)
Signed into law: President Clinton, 1996, as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996.
Status: Indecency prohibitions overturned by the Supreme Court in 1997.
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CPPA: Child Pornography Prevention Act
Original Sponsor: Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah).
Signed into law: President Clinton, 1996.
Status: Overturned by Supreme Court in 2002.
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COPPA: Child Obscenity and Pornography Prevention Act (2002)
Highlights: Would have ordered U.S. Sentencing Commission to devise penalties, also would have required FBI to keep database of known child porn images.
Original Sponsor: Rep. Lamar Smith (R-Texas)
Status: Passed the House last year, but did not receive Senate consideration before the end of the 107th Congress in 2002.
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COPPA: The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
Highlights: Penalties are imposed for collecting personal data on children under 13 years old without receiving written parental consent.
Original Sponsor: Former Sen. Richard Bryan (D-Nev.)
Status: Signed into law by President Clinton, 1998.
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CMEPA: Child Modeling Exploitation Prevention Act
Highlights: Unspecified fines and up to 10 years in prison for violators, specifically, people who employ suggestively clothed models who are under 17 years old.
Original Sponsors: Reps. Mark Foley (R-Fla.), Nick Lampson (D-Texas)
Status: Died in the House at the end of the 107th Congress.
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