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You have several options to speed this by an order of magnitude:
Option 1:
If both HDs are the same size and from the same company and are the same model... I mean, both HDs are the same, then you have another option that will be considerably faster.
We use dd here instead of copying.
dd bs=10240k if=/dev/original of=/dev/copy
Option 2:
If on Linux, another option is to remount the original and the target partition with noatime option and then use the usual copy or rsync as normal. This will speed things alot when copying lots of small files. In this case rsync is better, even that it will be a bit slower than cp. The advantage of rsync when copying that much info is visible if the target HD has a sector error and copy process does not work properly. Rsync will warn you while cp will not.
Option 3:
Setup a RAID1 software raid between both HDs and it will automatically mirror the information. It will do practically the same as in option 1, but will do it slower and you will still be able to use that HD to serve thumbs or do whatever you want with them.
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