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In regards to affiliate programs closing shop. In many cases this was caused by two factors. First of all they relied on xsales to be able to do PPS. Visa/Mastercard made stricter rules about xsales and right after that the biggest xsale buyers stopped buying xsales, because of visa/mastercard regulations (and merchant account problems). Most programs did not have the knowledge or correct merchant account setup to successfully facilitate their own xsales + they did not get paid out for their last month(s) of xsales. In addition at exactly the same time Webmasterchecks went down, and most affiliate programs lost hundred thousands of dollars, because they already wired their next affiliate payouts to Webmasterchecks, and then Webmasterchecks got their funds frozen. So if they wanted to do affiliate payouts they needed to do it from their own pockets/reserves.
So basically many programs lost all their buffers in a period of 2/3 weeks, and those with no extra buffers and no ability to process their own xsales were either forced to stop their affiliate programs or sell their programs.
In regards to ePassporte. They probably work like most banks work and only have a small percentage of the actual money in their account. The rest is used for (long term) investments. I think most real banks only have like 10% of all the people's money actually available, the rest is 'in motion'. ePassporte might or might not have invested the money in bad investments (Middle Men?). But just like with any (real) bank, if from one day to another everyone wants to get their money out they have a problem, as the money is simply not there.
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