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Firstly, there is a tax treaty between Canada and the US, so you will not be double taxed. You pay taxes in whichever country you are determined to be a 'resident' of for tax purposes.
If you are determined to be a Canadian resident and taxes are withheld at source by your US employer, you can file a form with the IRS to get that money back.... then file a Canadian tax return to pay taxes on your total world income. If you are determined to be a US resident, you can just file the US tax return.
Resident and citizen are not the same thing and you could be determined to be a resident of the US, while being a citizen of Canada... in some cases.
If you are a Canadian citizen who moves to the US, they will determine if you have cut your residential ties with Canada. They look at things like whether you still have a home or other property in Canada... whether your intention is to be gone from Canada for more than 2 years... whether your wife/children remained behind in Canada...etc. There are a bunch of criteria that might apply in your specific case. For example, if you lease your home to a non-related party, that may get you out of that clause.
The 6 month thing somebody mentioned is probably referring to the 183 day rule. This basically says that if you weren't determined to be a resident in Canada by all the rule above, then you could still be a resident if you are in Canada for 183 days or more in the year.
You should talk to a professional accountant to determine what you should do in your specific circumstances.... these are just general rules that I hae mentioned.
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