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wikipedia:
Often the term "Hispanic" is used synonymously with the word "Latino", and frequently with "Latin" as well. Even though the terms may sometimes overlap in meaning, they are not completely synonymous.
Latin in this context refers to "Latin America," a term introduced by the French in the 1860s when they dreamed of building an empire based in Mexico. It was closely connected to the introduction of French positivism into Latin American intellectual circles. The French understood "Latin" to include themselves and exclude the "Anglo-Saxons" of the U.S. and the U.K.
"Hispanic", on the other hand, specifically refers to Spain, and to the Spanish-speaking nations of the Americas as cultural and demographic extensions of Spain.
Meanwhile, Latinos are only those from the countries of Latin America, whether Spanish, Portuguese, or Creole-speaking, though in the latter case, not so frequently and with some ambiguities.
The confusion that arises is from the similarity between the words Latino and Latin, and between the concept of Hispanic and Latino. Latino is a shortened version of the noun Latinoamérica (Latin America). In the Spanish language "Latín" (Latin) is the name of the language of the Romans. This means that "Latin" is not confined solely to Hispanics and/or Latinos, and has always included such people as the Italians, French, Romanians, Portuguese, etc.
Thus, of a group consisting of a Brazilian, a Colombian, a Mexican, a Spaniard, and a Romanian; the Brazilian, Colombian, and Mexican would all be Latinos, but not the Spaniard or the Romanian, since neither Spain nor Romania are geographically situated in Latin America. Conversely, the Colombian, Mexican and Spaniard would all be Hispanics, but not the Brazilian or the Romanian, since Brazil was colonized by the Portuguese, and neither Portugal nor Romania are extensions of Spain. Finally, all of the above nationalities would all be Latin, including the Romanian.
It should be noted that "Latino" is very rarely applied to French-speaking Québec in Canada, and almost never to Haiti. The categories of "Latino" and "Hispanic" are used primarily in the United States to socially differentiate people. As social categories they are not mutually exclusive and without ambiguities and cannot be seen as independent of social discrimination (socio-economic, ethnic or racial).
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